Testicular Cancer

Testicular Cancer

Testicular cancer is one of the most common cancers in young men between the ages of 15 and 34 and quite rare after age 40. Caucasian men are affected more than men of other races. Only 7,400 new cases are diagnosed in the United States each year. The cure rate is very high when testicular cancer is diagnosed and treated early.
Diagnostic Tests


Most testicular cancers are found by men themselves. Whereas any testicular abnormality is cause for concern, an actual lump inside the testis is frequently a sign of cancer and should be evaluated immediately. The earlier testicular cancer is identified, the greater the likelihood of a cure. Physicians rely on the diagnostic test, transillumination, in which a bright light is shined through the scrotum; tumors will appear opaque, whereas other abnormalities such as hydrocele or spermatocele will appear translucent. Sonography is another test that confirms a testicular tumor. The only way to confirm the presence of cancer is to remove the testicle surgically and examine a tissue sample under the microscope. Ultrasound, CT scans and X-ray are used to determine whether the cancer has spread beyond the testicle. Blood tests for specific biochemical markers of testicular cancer can be used to track the response to treatment and detect the recurrence of cancer.

Current Treatments

In most cases, surgery is performed to remove the testicle. Subsequent treatment depends on the extent and cell type of the tumor. Often, radiation, chemotherapy, or more surgery also are recommended. Hopkins urologists are particularly sensitive to the emotional and physiologic impact of testicular cancer.
16.AIDS-Related Cancers
Cancers that commonly arise in AIDS patients include lymphomas and Kaposi's sarcoma. Other cancers also occur, and many are characterized by the presence of a virus in the cancer cells. Scientists are studying the role of those viruses and a weakened immune system in the growth and development of such cancers. Our physicians have played a major role in defining AIDS-related cancers and in developing therapeutic approaches to treat them. Current Treatments
A variety of options are available for patients with AIDS-related cancers, ranging from chemotherapy and radiotherapy to biological interventions (enhancing or altering natural body responses to fight cancer) to supportive care. The choices are discussed with the patient by physicians with special interest and experience in the treatment of AIDS-related cancers.

The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins is a leader in national programs for the treatment of new and relapsed AIDS-related cancers. There are many opportunities for participation in research studies and for treatment outside the research setting.